Research Paper Abstract on Child Abuse

Research Paper Abstract on Child Abuse Research Paper Abstract on Child Abuse Child abuse is defined as a non-accidental behavior by parents, caregivers, or any other adults that is outside the norms of conduct and can cause physical or emotional harm to a child or a young person (Bromfield, 2005). There are five main types of child abuse: physical abuse emotional maltreatment neglect sexual abuse the witnessing of family violence Physical abuse is defined as a non-accidental use of physical force that can cause harm to a child. This includes: shoving, hitting, slapping, shaking, throwing, punching, kicking biting, burning, strangling and poisoning (Bromfield, 2005). It doesnt matter whether an adult had an intend to cause a child harm or not, if an action lead to harm, it is regarded as abusive anyway. Physical abuse can also depend on the age of a child and the nature of the behavior: an action which can be regarded as dangerous and potentially harmful for a child of a certain age can also be regarded as physical abuse. Emotional abuse is defined as an inappropriate verbal or symbolic act towards a child that can lead to childs problems on a psychological level. There are five main kinds of psychological maltreatment: rejecting: the adult refuses to acknowledge the childs worth and the legitimacy of the childs needs; isolating: the adult cuts the child off from normal social experiences, prevents the child from forming friendships, and makes the child believe that he or she is alone in the world; terrorizing: the adult verbally assaults the child, creates a climate of fear, bullies and frightens the child, and makes the child believe that the world is capricious and hostile; ignoring: the adult deprives the child of essential stimulation and responsiveness, stifling emotional growth and intellectual development; corrupting: the adult mis-socializes the child, stimulates the child to engage in destructive antisocial behaviour, reinforces that deviance, and makes the child unfit for normal social experience (Garbarino et al. (1986) p. 8) Another kind of abuse is neglect. It means that either parents, or caregivers do not provide children with enough care as it is expected compared with the norms of society. It consequently can affect childs physical and psychological development. Types of neglect include: physical neglect: characterized by the care givers failure to provide basic physical necessities, such as safe, clean and adequate clothing, housing, food and health care; emotional (or psychological) neglect: characterized by a lack of caregiver warmth, nurturance, encouragement and support (note that emotional neglect is sometimes considered a form of emotional maltreatment); educational neglect: characterized by a care givers failure to provide appropriate educational opportunities for the child; and, environmental neglect: characterized by the care givers failure to ensure environmental safety, opportunities and resources (Dubowitz, Pitts, Black, 2004) Sexual abuse is defined as a use of a child in any sexual activity, with or without consent, and often without childs understanding. Sexual abuse can happen within a family between family members, with an adult with no familiar relation to a child, or an adult that is in a position of power and authority over the child. Witnessing of family violence is a kind of an abuse that happens when a child is present while a family member is subjected to any kind of violence. Some researches however tend to include this type of an abuse in an emotional type of an abuse. Bibliography Bromfield, L. M. (2005). Chronic child maltreatment in an Australian Statutory child protection sample (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Deakin University, Geelong. Dubowitz, H., Pitts, S. C., Black, M. M. (2004). Measurement of three major subtypes of child neglect. Child Maltreatment,9(4), 344-356. Garbarino, J., Guttmann, E., Seeley, J. W. (1986). The psychologically battered child: Strategies for identification, assessment, and intervention. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass Inc. How to Write a Research Paper Abstract on a Social Topic: A research paper abstract is a concise summary of your research project; therefore, you should include here major highlights of your work and pointers to what you will discuss further. It is important to describe specifically your work, not your topic in general. Another tip is to keep the language of your research paper abstract neutral. Since it is a social topic, it is possible to become emotionally attached to the topic throughout research, which can show in the language of the whole paper. That kind of tone in a research paper is inadvisable. Do you need a custom research paper about  Child Abuse or abstract? Contact our research paper service to order a 100% non-plagiarized paper of high quality.

20 Extremely Easy Ways to Building Confidence at Work

20 Extremely Easy Ways to Building Confidence at Work Successful people tend to have at least one thing in common: confidence. If confidence isn’t already your strong point, it can be tough to figure out how to get some and apply it to your own life. Where do people find this mysterious elixir that lets people crush it, and let others know they’re crushing it? Unfortunately for us, there’s no magic involved in building confidence at work. But there is some good news: there are plenty of simple things you can do to boost your own confidence, and boost your career in the process.According to The Muse, building  confidence at work has three basic components:Comfort level in what you’re doing and what your goals are.Your understanding of what your strengths and talents already are, as well as your limitations.Your ability to trust your instincts (or ignore them), depending on the situation.Broken down this way, this gives you a very basic attack plan for boosting your own confidence in your work, and setting yo urself up for future success. Confidence is a unique skill in that there’s an art to it, sure, but also plenty of manageable, concrete things you can do to try to build your confidence. [via Happify]Let’s look at some of the things you can do to raise that confidence factor.1. Know your comfort zone.Are you comfortable with your daily tasks at work? Do you feel secure at your company, with the parameters of your work? Once you’ve sat down to figure out how you fit into the bigger picture at work, and how everything works, you can let go a little and feel more relaxed about your role.2. Make a list of things that would make you feel more comfortable at work.Maybe it’s working with your boss to adjust your workload, or taking on new responsibilities that are more in line with your long term goals. Maybe it’s connecting more with coworkers so that you work better with them on projects. Or maybe it’s as simple as promising to take a lunch break every day, or clean off your desk before you leave in the evening so that things don’t feel chaotic when you come back in the morning. Whatever is on the list, it should include tasks that will make you feel happier and more in tune with your job.3. Communicate more openly.If you have concerns, vent them! If these are issues you feel comfortable discussing with your manager, great. If not, it’s totally fine to have a trusted confidante (at or outside of work) with whom you can talk about anxieties and frustrations. Don’t keep things bottled up, because then they fester and become longer-held resentments. Similarly, if you have issues with a coworker, don’t just sit on them. Discuss them in a rational, professional way before miscommunications pile on miscommunications, and everyone’s ticked off. Being open about things (and getting in the habit of doing it) can make you feel like you have more control over a situation, as well as what the next step s are.4. Get outside feedback and help prioritizing.Confident people know they can handle what’s on their plate. That’s not because they can magically handle everything, but because they know what’s important and what they can do. If you feel overwhelmed, work with your boss to figure out how to restructure your tasks and make sure your head is in the game for the most important ones.5. Learn new skills.One of the best ways to feel more confident is to go out and get more skills. Feel a little insecure about your tech know-how? Find online tutorials. Scared of presenting? Take an improv class. Anxiety and self-doubt often stem from being unsure about how to tackle new things. If you dive right in and discover that you have the skills to take on new things, it’ll start to bolster your general confidence.6. Expand your network.Nobody is an island, right? Make sure you’re adding to your network all the time. It’s like having a virtual posse beh ind you, and can make you feel less like you’re out there on the high wire all alone. Feeling supported is key to confidence. You can build your network by trying to find open social events in your field, or by using social media.7. Engage experts in your field.This is kind of like building your network, but adds the step of trying to start dialogues with people in your field who Know Their Stuff. With social media, it’s easier than ever to follow someone’s posts, then offer comments and ask questions accordingly. It may not be the most personal connection, but it gets you in the habit of dialoguing about your own experience while learning from others’.8. Accept self-doubt.Even the most confident people have self-doubts. The key is in not letting those define your decisions, or just ignoring them completely. Self-doubt is kind of a mental check on our instincts. When you feel them, think about whether the concern is valid or not, and what you can do to fe el comfortable enough to push past those doubts.9. Sit up straight.This is a very physical thing you can do to start feeling more powerful and confident right away. Flash back to all those times your parent or a teacher told you to stop slouching. They weren’t doing it to be annoying- there are studies that show that good posture correlates strongly to confident thinking.10. Get physical.If you’ve got your head down working on something, it can start to feel like you’re in a bubble, with your own perspective swirling around and around. Taking a break to get up and walk around, do yoga for half an hour, etc. gives your brain some space, allowing you to come back and feel confident that you know what you need to do next.11. Drop a few off-color words.Of course, this one really depends on your audience- a meeting with colleagues and higher-ups is not the time to debut your new Swear Like a Pirate policy. But using strong words makes us feel strong and confident.12. Try some power posing.Body language is everything, according to social psychologist Amy Cuddy. Throwing a few power poses into your repertoire at work can make you feel more self-assured. You can channel your inner superhero while you stand with hands on hips, lean forward with hands flat on a desk or table, or sit back with your hands behind your head. These poses get you into an ownership mindset where you feel strong and self-assured.13. Use some daily affirmations.Okay, so gazing into the mirror and whispering sweet nothings to yourself sounds a little weird. I get it. But having a quick set of positive things that you say to yourself can help you feel more confident as you get ready to go about your day. Make statements like, â€Å"I WILL achieve _____ today,† or â€Å"I am so ready for this† as you’re getting ready for work.14. Envision success.Vision boards may not be everyone’s cup of tea- the arts and crafts part is optional. But having a clear image in your head of what your success looks like (on a project, in a year on the job, or whatever parameters you want to use) can make you feel more self-assured on your path to get there.15. Work on your physical appearance and confidence.You know the old clichà © â€Å"dress for success†? Well, it’s a pretty true clichà ©. Wear clothes that make you feel put-together and ready for the world. (Work appropriate ones, of course.) If that means getting up ten minutes earlier so that you have time to pick an outfit that makes you feel strong and attractive, do it! Personally, I’m guilty of defaulting to â€Å"what’s clean and readily available as I scramble to get ready?† and I always feel more ready to take on the world if I spend a little more time and wear what I want, rather than what’s easy.16. Be selective about who you spend time with.Your time is valuable, so you shouldn’t spend it with people who make you feel bad, or who ar e (quite frankly) a waste of time.17. Stop putting everyone and everything else first.Your career is the most important one (and mine is for me, and Aunt Sally’s is for her.) Whenever you make decisions, it’s fine to evaluate your needs and priorities above others.18. Live in the present.It’s so easy to get caught up in what happened back then, or what’s likely to happen in the future. Focusing on other times let’s self-doubt creep in about what you’re doing now. Try to stay focused on what’s directly in front of you.19. Speak your mind.This doesn’t mean brutal honesty all the time (as fun as it would be to remove all filters sometimes), but rather speaking up when you have something to contribute. Whether it’s in a meeting or a social occasion, don’t wait for the perfect moment to speak up- that moment may never come. Make your voice heard, even if you’re expressing an unpopular or dissenting opinion.20. F orgive yourself.The most important one is this: forgive yourself for mistakes, and move on. Getting caught up in a cycle where you blame yourself, and let that cause anxiety about how to act in the future is not a healthy place to be. Confident people know that stuff happens, and you learn from it and move on to the next thing. If it’s your fault, acknowledge that you’ll learn from it and do better next time, and let it go.All of these are things that you can start phasing in to your daily routines. There’s no need to overhaul your way of seeing the world- just adding in some practices that will help you get a stronger sense of yourself and your goals. That’s really the heart of confidence- knowing where you want to go, and the strengths you have in trying to get there.

2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

2 - Essay Example equal to capital and liabilities because when a person or an entity start their business, they inject the capital which can be in form of cash or other assets therefore at the beginning of the entity all there is are assets and capital. When the company expands it purchases goods or offers services which give rise to further assets and further liabilities as loans are acquired and credit is obtained out of that same capital. Some amount is also generated as profit for their business. Therefore, all the transactions of the entity take place through the same capital and the assets of the company must always equal their liabilities and capital. The statement of financial position gives the position of the company at a given moment of time where it provides the description of company’s assets, liabilities and equity from its establishment to that particular date, while the Income statement provides the details of all the income and expenditure activities during the year as at the date of balance sheet. In a nut shell, the financial position is the standing at that date while the Income statement is the movement during the period which is why the dates begin with ‘as at’ and ‘year ended’ respectively. The figure of net cash flow will mostly be different from that of net profit because the cash flows of the company are purely due to the monetary items such as sale, purchase, monetary income of dividend and interest, monetary expenses of salaries and rent etc. These expenses are purely of monetary nature while the net profits of the company not only involve these monetary items but also involve non cash items such as depreciation, fair value, amortization etc therefore normally cash and cash equivalents of the company are usually not equal to their net profit. Certain expenses are not affected by the cash flows of the company as it does not involve cash dealing on the time of the transaction. These expenses or income do not affect the cash flows because

Wrong news Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wrong news - Essay Example t are delivered the people’s doorsteps every day; others become familiar, trustworthy faces that are broadcast on television for millions of viewers. By creating information, however, journalists of all types can actually become a source of false news. Those who write newspaper articles are often subject to strict deadlines, and sometimes they may feel unable to gather all of the correct information on time, so they fill in some of the small details on their own. Their boss may also expect them to write about something that will grab the attention of many readers, and this sort of news it not always easy to come by – so they decide a little white lie won’t hurt anyone. They may be journalists, but they are still human; and like you and me, they care about keeping their jobs. Those who write news scripts for the television, on the other hand, face a different kind of pressure. In order to keep ratings up, they must present news that people will want to watch. And if it’s going to help the show’s popularity, why not add their own clever twist to the story? It might only be a small percent of journalists who would actually make fake news at the expense of the public, but there are other ways the news can be inaccurate. While certainly not all journalists are as untrustworthy as those in the aforementioned scenario, it should be pointed out that sometimes the sources they gather their information from are wrong. Many journalists and reporters rely on the information that is shared with them by ordinary, average people. Some of these average people may skew the story to protect themselves of someone they know. Or some of these people may add their own opinions to the story, thus altering the story that the journalist interprets and relays to everyone else. Then again, there may even be some people who just like create problems for other people, so they just lied to the journalist for the sake of lying. Whatever the case is, it is important to

African American Religion Essay Example for Free

African American Religion Essay Before Africans were brought to America during the slave trade, they had their own culture and society. They had their own language and dance. They also had their own religion. History tells us that the Europeans justified their abuse toward the Africans as helping them become more civilized because the Africans lifestyle appeared primal to them and not as developed and industrialized as theirs. What is often overlooked is that even though Africans were taken from Africa and Americanized and have been stripped of their religion, culture, language and even their name, the very essence of the African as a people did not go away. Some African American slaves rejected Christianity’s religion because they saw it as the â€Å"white man’s religion†. History tells us American Slave Masters abused the Africans by whipping them like animals and by treating them inhumane. The fact that these slave masters wanted the African American to worship their god was unacceptable for some because they could not fathom why they should worship a god who allowed people to be so badly treated. Some Africans accepted Christianity’s religion and faith by identifying with Jesus Christ, the son of God who according to the Bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with the conjure practices. Seth Holly’s character is a good example of conforming to the economic prosperity of America which was founded by Christians. White Christians enforced Christian beliefs, values, and some practices based on the Euro American Christian interpretation of Christian text. Seth developed a kind of hatred for his own people proving that he has adopted the practices of white America in the early 1900s. â€Å"Niggers coming up here from that old backwoods†¦ coming up here from the country carrying Bibles and guitars looking for freedom. † Seth says. â€Å"They got a rude awakening† (6). Seth signifies the African American who resents assimilation to the white American culture. But, at the same time, he too attempts to connect with his heritage by simply allowing Bynum to live in his home and bless it with his conjures rituals. Seth also participates in an African dance ritual called the Juba. Bynum’s character is introduced by practicing conjure rituals. He cuts open pigeons and spreads its blood onto him as a type of cleansing to communicate with spirits. Bynum represents the African American who chose to remain faithful to the religion of his heritage. Others who have chosen the faith of Christianity view conjure rituals as evil, witchcraft, or demonic. Some African Americans wanted to remain faithful to their heritage yet did not agree with conjure practices anymore. Loomis walks in on the juba dance and goes into a trance after dinner at the boarding house. He had a vision of skeletons emerge from a body of water. â€Å"Loomis: I done seen bones rise up out the water. Rise up and walk across the water. Bones walking on top of the water† (53). Loomis recognizes through the vision, his state of ignorance to the knowledge that will lead him to the new way of thinking. Bynum serves as a supporting character reacting to Loomis’s trance. â€Å"Bynum: They walking around here now. Mens. Just like you and me. Come right up out the water† (56). Loomis’s trance and Bynum’s interpretation of it is a turning point in the story. The skeletons coming from the bottom of the sea in Loomis’s vision represent the slave ships, the disorientation experienced by the slaves during emancipation, and the confusion of his release from Joe Turner. Both Loomis and Bynum have tapped into their ancestral religion. The difference between the two is that Bynum represents the African who never renounced his religion and Loomis is the African-American who turned from conjure religion and converted to the faith of Christianity. After Joe turner took his life away from him, Loomis questioned his Christian faith and his identity. By walking in on the ancestral ritual of the Juba dance, Loomis literally walked into what he had actually been looking for, his religion, consequently, his ancestral identity and this is why he fell into the trance. Throughout the play conjures is encompasses four generations; Bynum’s father, Bynum, Loomis, and the neighbor boy Reuben. Reuben’s vision is of Seth’s mother by the pigeon coop, she encourages Reuben to release the caged pigeons. Wilson writes in a way that leads the reader to believe that Loomis needs to find his missing wife. Martha Pentecost is not the one who was lost; Loomis was the one who was lost, wondering around from town to town, searching. Loomis came into the state of belief when Bynum helped him translate his vision. That vision represented Loomis going back to his ancestral conjure religion. Loomis needed to find Martha Pentecost simply to say good-bye to her and their life former together. Up until this point of the story, I believed that Loomis needed to find his wife so they could live out the rest of their lives as a happy free family with their daughter. However, it is made pretty obvious this was never Loomis’s intentions. â€Å"That goodbye kept me out on the road searching,† Loomis says, â€Å"now that I see your face I can say my goodbye and make my own world† (90). Martha Pentecost, a woman of Christian faith, represents the African who assimilated into white America’s culture and Loomis needed to find her to say good-bye to her and the Christian faith. Martha stands by her Christian faith by accusing Loomis â€Å"you done gone over to the devil† (91). White man’s religion believed that conjure was evil or the way of the devil. Loomis finds it easier to reject her for her Christian beliefs. â€Å"Loomis: Great big old white man†¦your Mr. Jesus Christ. Standing there with a whip in one hand and a tote board in another, them niggers swimming in a sea of cotton† (92). Loomis proves with his statement, his version of a bible story that differed from other African Americans but was similar to that of the white man who believed that they were on a level below God and the African’s were beneath them, African’s were one third of a person. Loomis now believes that if African’s are going to be free then they have to take charge of their own destiny. Martha Pentecost represents the African American’s religion, she identifies that Loomis needs to â€Å"be washed in the blood of the lamb† (92) and â€Å"you done gone over to the devil. (91) Through class lessons I learned that African American slaves compared themselves with stories in the bible to instill hope of a life free from oppression, violence, and bondage. Jesus according to the bible was innocent of sin and yet he was beaten, bruised and crucified for the sins of the world. The hope of reigning in heave with Jesus is considered the ultimate reward for suffering life’s trials and tribulations. It is the faith of the African Americans who accepted Christianity religion. Blacks trusted in the Lord instead of man. America was Egypt in the exodus story and as long as the enslaving and oppressing took place America would face the same wrath as Egypt. â€Å"Stand still and see the salvation of the Lord. † The bible was depended on in justifying and motivation rebellion for the blacks and used as a tool to keep blacks enslaved by the whites. African Americans used sermons, song, and prayer to convey and teach their message of travail and triumph of Israel. Some African Americans could not get past the treatment from the white people that called themselves Christians and as a result they rejected Christianity. Selig’s role suggests that the link between characters is the acquisition of material goods. Selig admits that his ancestors have always made their living pursuing African Americas; his great grandfather transported slaves from Africa, his father captured runaway slaves and returned them to their masters for a reward, and Selig locates displaced people for a fee. Selig attains his ecstasy through consumer capitalism, through the selling of material goods. African Americans are objects for exploitation and exchange in the new economy. He binds African Americans to the economic system, demanding payment of his services and products which necessitates subsistence labor by taking them from one construction site or work site to another, similar to a temporary employment agency today. You pay for an employee to work for some time, but Selig is getting paid by the person looking for work or a ride to a chance of freedom. Selig cannot find a person that has not purchased a dustpan from him because he keeps the names of his customers. Seth is determined to achieve material success, he has very little patience for African Americans migrating north looking for the same prosperity that he desires. Seth is very demanding of his patrons, insisting on advance payment in full, and is preoccupied with maintaining a respectable house. â€Å"It’s hard enough now without all that ignorant kind of acting. Ever since slavery got over with there ain’t been nothing but foolish-acting niggers. Word get out they need men to work in the mill and put in these roads†¦ and niggers drop everything and head north looking for freedom. (5, 6) Seth wants to blend in with the white man’s world; therefore he keeps a link with Selig by negotiating the manufacturing and sale of dustpans. Seth does not have any idea of what it would be like to be a slave, as he was born free in the North and was educated. He demonstrates his education with his math calculation when dealing with the boarding house patrons and the quick notation of him letting Selig know that he is trying to overcharge him for the dust pan materials. Educational differences played a role in tension with Southern blacks, most of who were forbidden from learning to read, saw religion as a matter of oral tradition nd immediate experience and emotion. Northerner blacks, stressed that one could not truly be Christian unless they was able to read the Bible and understand it. This play denies individual worth and identity for some of Wilson’s characters. To be defrauded of the products of one’s labor or to see that creation diminished, like with Jeremy and the guitar contest, is to be denied a reflection of individual worth and identity. If people have been separated from this truth of individual worth and identity through oppression their capacity to bond with one another, form friendships, or couples, families are undermined. Social alienation in Wilson’s characters are expressed in their stores of broken relationships, uncertainty, or suspicion that they feel toward one another. â€Å"Seth: Something ain’t setting right with that fellow, Bynum. He’s one of them mean-looking niggers look like he done killed somebody gambling over a quarter. †(20) Connection between oppression, alienation from self and inability to form bonds with others is displayed in the character of Loomis. Joe Turner’s ability to oppress Loomis carried a judgment of non-worth. â€Å"Loomis: He told me I was worthless. Worthless is something you throw away. Something you don’t bother with† (73) Turners judgment of worthlessness forced Loomis to accept the reality of the white man’s power; he was marked as â€Å"one of Joe Turners niggers and forced to forget his song. †(71) Being alienated from himself and displaced with his relation to the world, Loomis is unable to establish bonds with people around him. The oppression encountered by Wilson’s characters is material or economic, that oppression is spiritual as well in the capacity to deprive the individual of a sense of himself or his unique song. The reawakening of Loomis after his encounter with cultural wisdom is not the self discovery of an average African American but creation of a new source of cultural wisdom, a new African holy man. Wilson uses many metaphors throughout the play. The song is a metaphor for Loomis’s identity and the African American cultural identity. Music is a large part of African American identity, so it makes since that in search of one’s identity they are searching for their song. The boarding house serves as an inn for traveling folk, but the tenants actually receive a form of healing during their stay. Tenants get direction and guidance from Bertha and Bynum. The shiny man that Bynum is in search for signifies African American independence. The man that Bynum met on the road was an independent African American, just as Loomis was freed by his past when he cleansed himself in his own blood. â€Å"Bynum: Herald Loomis, you shining! You shining like new money! †(94) Loomis has dismissed that the blood of Christ can wash away his sins and make him the man he used to be, but by washing himself in his own blood he has sacrificed the old life to begin his new journey on his terms. Bynum’s shining man has been found, meaning his work is complete; he has passed his powers on to the next generation, Loomis. â€Å"They tell me Joe Turner’s come and Gone† is a song that is sung by Bynum, when I first read the story I thought that the meaning was came and now he is dead however, the second time I read the play I realized that it meant that Joe Turner has come and snatched the men and now he is now gone. August Wilson uses symbolism in the play as a very important part in conveying the meaning of the story. Wilsons use of symbolism is demonstrated through Mr.  Wilsons use of the road, Martha Pentecost, and Herald Loomis. Symbolic importance is give to the word freedom. The word freedom has instilled hope into the lives of African Americans: during slavery, hope for the release from bondage; after emancipation, the right to be educated, employed, and to move about freely; twentieth century, social, political, and economic justice. Freedom has always stood for the absence of any restraint, because God made all men from his image. There are a number of characters that travel around searching for their place in the world. Mattie, mentions that she keeps on looking, seems like she just keeps starting over, I ain’t never found no place for me to fit. † (76) Reuben tells Zonia, when he finds out that she is leaving the boarding house in search of her mom, â€Å"when I get grown, I come looking for you. †(84) Jeremy does not seem to care much when he loses his job because, â€Å"don’t make me no difference. There’s a big road out there, I can always get my guitar and find me a place to stay. I ain’t planning on staying in one place for too long noway. (64) Martha Reverend Tolliver moved the Church up north because of the trouble the church was having. When the Civil War finally brought freedom to previously enslaved African Americans, the task of organizing religious communities was only one element of the larger need to create new lives, to reunite families, to find jobs, and to figure out what it would mean to live in the United States as citizens rather than property. August Wilson’s play, Joe Turner’s come and Gone, examines African Americans search for their cultural identity following slavery.

Drugs and Decay :: essays papers

Drugs and Decay Drugs and decay; Iran; Iran's losing fight against drugs. (International)(Brief Article) Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2001 Economist Newspaper Ltd. TABOO subjects, Muhammad Khatami has insisted, should be talked about. Before he was elected president in 1997, most Iranians were unaware of their high level of drug addiction. But now, thanks to press reports and unexpectedly lively debate, everyone knows that the country has about 2m opium and heroin addicts, and that the effects are tugging at the social fabric. The discussion has spurred efforts to stop the flow of Afghanistan's opium, morphine and heroin into Iran, and thence to Turkey and Western Europe. The security forces have stationed 30,000 men on the long border, and fortified lengths of it with trenches and concrete barriers. During a violent period at the end of last year, this border force, which has lost 3,000 men in two decades of fighting the smugglers, was ambushing well-armed gangs almost daily. Their efforts have brought some eye-catching successes. Iran claims 85% of world-wide opium seizures last year, and 45% of morphine and heroin seizures. In February the police raided "Cannibal Island", a squalid corner of Tehran and its biggest drugs supermarket. They arrested about 500 people, before bulldozers razed the area. "It's difficult to see what more they can do," said an admiring Keith Hellawell, the head of Britain's anti-drugs campaign, when he visited Iran earlier this year. "It's a war." To give itself a better chance, Iran has modified its foreign policy. Rather than persist with its refusal to talk to the Taliban, Iran is now helping the Afghan government to transform its poppy fields into prairies of wheat. The UN says that the Taliban may have cut poppy cultivation by 70%. Indeed, in the past three months, the price in Tehran of a mesqal of opium, the five-gram unit of choice, has soared from $2.50 to $9. But talk of victory is premature. However courageous and efficient they are, Iran's border forces and police probably intercept no more than 30% of the drugs that enter the country. Junkies and aid workers alike suspect that the rise in opium prices has less to do with crop substitution and record hauls than it has to do with stockpiling. Moreover, the price of heroin, which is more addictive and more lethal than opium, has stayed absurdly cheap: one (highly adulterated) hit in Tehran costs 50 cents.

Costs and Price

Week I Quiz Results/Answers ECO561 1. Revenue increases when * producer surplus increases 2. An increase in the price of an inelastic good * increases revenues 3. Price elasticity of Demand increases when * people become less price sensitive over time 4. The purpose of a market in a market system is to * bring buyers and sellers into contact 5. By specializing in the production of one good, a company is able to benefit from economies of scale which increases its revenue. Which of the following is an attribute of specialization? * Saving time by allowing a worker to focus on one task . The market system promotes progress by * providing incentive for technological advances 7. Productive efficiency is achieved when * the best technology is used 8. The market is said to be in equilibrium when * neither a shortage nor a surplus exists 9. The market will move to a higher equilibrium price if * the increase in demand is greater than the increase in supply 10. The intersection of supply and demand will be at a lower equilibrium price but a higher equilibrium quantity if * demand is constant and supply increases 11. When a price ceiling occurs the market price will be lower than the equilibrium price 12. Because the goals of firms, entrepreneurs, and workers have different incentives, which of the following principles applies? * Self-interest Week 2 Quiz Results/Answers ECO561 1. Purely competitive firms increase total revenue by * increasing production (To increase revenue, firms look to increase price or quantity, as price multiplied by quantity equals total revenue. Purely competitive firms can sell as much as they want at the market price. Adding additional units of the product does not result in a change in the market price.Therefore, since purely competitive firms do not influence price, they increase total revenue by increasing quantity). 2. What are two ways for a competitive firm to determine the optimal level of production, that is, the level of production tha t will maximize profit or minimize losses? * Comparing total revenue to total cost or marginal revenue to marginal costs (A firm can look at two factors when considering whether it is maximizing profit or minimizing losses. First, it can find the maximum difference between total revenue and total cost.Second, a firm can look at the additional revenue gained from selling one more unit and at the additional cost from producing that additional unit. As long as the additional revenue from selling one more unit is greater than the cost of producing that unit, the firm will continue to increase its revenue. If the additional cost of producing another unit is greater than the additional revenue generated by selling that additional unit, the firm takes away from its total profit; this is the difference between revenue and cost.Thus, a firm maximizes its profit by producing at the point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Before that, additional profit can be generated, while after that, the firm reduces it overall profit). 3. Suppose that a firm determines that its marginal revenue is greater than its marginal cost, it would be better to * increase production (Inelastic goods are necessities that consumers continue to purchase even when the price increases. This increases the revenue, as more is paid for each good. The percentage change in price increases faster than the change in quantity, which may remain constant.When more is paid for a good or a service, revenue increases). 4. It is profitable for a firm to continue employing additional resources as long as * Marginal Revenue Product >= Marginal Resource Cost (As with the optimal level of production for a good, the optimal usage of a resource is determined by ensuring that the revenue from that resource is at least equal to the marginal cost of that resource) 5. As additional units are produced, the marginal revenue product falls for all firms because marginal product decreases.For firms operating in indu stries that are not perfectly competitive, marginal revenue product also falls because * product price falls as output increases (While perfectly or purely competitive firms must accept the price set by supply and demand in the market, firms facing other market structures have some control over the price they set for their products. However, to increase the quantity demanded of their product, they must decrease their price. In doing so, while some firms may have the ability to set different prices for different groups, called price discriminating, most firms cannot.As a result, the firm must lower the price on that good for all consumers; therefore, the product price falls as output increases) 6. All things being equal, an increase in demand for a product†¦ * increases demand for the resources used in its production (When a firm sees an increase in the demand for its product, it will increase its production. In doing so, the firm increases the demand for the resources it uses t o produce its product. An increase in demand for a product does increase the quantity supplied. The firm sees that it can increase the price on each unit to address the shortage that emerges, so there is more sold.This does not mean that the firm changes the amount of production at the original price) 7. Marginal cost can be defined as the addition to _____ of one more unit of output. * total variable costs (Marginal cost measures the cost of producing the next unit. Because fixed costs do not change with additional output, they do not add to total fixed costs. In addition, while average costs—both total and fixed—change with additional levels of output, as average costs are divided by the quantity produced, they do not reflect the full addition to the cost.Thus, the cost of producing an additional unit reflects the additional cost of inputs needed for production (variable costs). 8. If a firm starts small and, over time, builds successively larger plant sizes or adds additional work space in an office, average total costs are most likely to * initial decrease then increase 9. Demand for resources, including labor, depend on its * productivity While being profitable, available, and accessible are relevant to the demand for resources, the productivity of the resource in question determines how profitable the good or service will be. 0. The primary difference between increasing- and decreasing-cost industries lies in * the fact that the average total cost (ATC) of firms in increasing-cost industries will first decline and then eventually increase with output, while decreasing-cost firms experience progressively lower ATC with increased output (By definition, an increasing-cost industry experiences a rising ATC as output increases, while a decreasing-cost industry enjoys a lower ATC as output increases. 11. When adding labor or other factors of production, businesses may see their total product rise, but see their per-unit increase in return for eac h additional unit diminish. This phenomenon * is known as diminishing marginal product and has general market application (The diminishing marginal product theory states that the marginal product decreases as a firm, introduces one new input into production while holding all other inputs fixed. ) 12.In the short run, firms should shut down if The correct answer is A. AVC > P. In the long term, a firm wants to receive a price greater than the cost of production per unit: average total cost. In the short term, a firm may have bills, regardless of whether it is producing anything. For example, a firm may have signed a long-term lease or may have other contracts it is obligated to pay. These costs are generally fixed costs that do not vary with the level of production.However, firms also have a variety of other costs that are only incurred if the firm is producing: variable costs. Thus, in the short term, a firm should determine how to minimize the costs it will face, such as closing do wn and only paying the fixed costs or continuing to operate and incurring both the fixed costs and variable costs but offsetting the variable costs and some of the fixed costs with the revenues earned from production.If the price is less than the average variable cost, then only some of the variable costs will be covered and all of the fixed costs are incurred; therefore, the firm is spending more by continuing to operate rather than shutting down. 13. When you are considering the value of a resource in its next best use, you are considering its * opportunity cost Opportunity cost is defined as the value of the next best use of the resources. In economic terms, opportunity costs include both the explicit costs of production and the implicit costs of production. 14.Of the four major market structures—perfectly competitive, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, monopoly— reducing variable costs of production * enhance profit per-unit, because profit equals revenue minus c ost (Under all market structures, the profit maximization rule stays the same, that is MC = MR. A cost reduction in all cases reduces the MC and increases the profit margin. ) Week Three Quiz Results ECO561 1. | Answered| | 2. | Answered| | 3. | Answered| | 4. | Answered| | 5. | Answered| | 6. | Answered| | 7. | Unanswered| | 8. | Unanswered| | 9. | Unanswered| | 10. Unanswered| | 11. | Unanswered| | 12. | Unanswered| | 13. | Unanswered| | 14. | Unanswered| | ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form 1. | Answered| | 2. | Answered| | 3. | Answered| | 4. | Answered| | 5. | Answered| | 6. | Answered| | 7. | Unanswered| | 8. | Unanswered| | 9. | Unanswered| | 10. | Unanswered| | 11. | Unanswered| | 12. | Unanswered| | 13. | Unanswered| | 14. | Unanswered| | ——————————————†”—- Top of Form 7. Marginal cost can be defined as the addition to _____ of one more unit of output. Bottom of Form

Overpopulation: Population Growth and Birth Rate

Although most of us live a prosperous life with no worries, there are several issues that we are currently facing that will eventually be more and more clear as time goes on. One of these problems is most damaging, in my opinion, to our way of life if we do nothing about it. The issues I am speaking of is the problem of overpopulation. This is a developing crisis and it has plagued most of the world. An area is considered overpopulated if â€Å"its population can't be maintained without rapidly depleting nonrenewable resources and without destroying the environment which supports the population.†(Brown,Gardner,Halweil, Beyond Malthus,19).The problems that arise due to overpopulation could lead to a fatal epidemic that could wipe out the whole human race. So the question remains: Are we facing overpopulation here in the Middle East? And how do we tackle such problems? The answer to this question is a short simple â€Å"Yes† but the solution to this problem is much longer than a one word answer. As such, overpopulation is existent here in the Middle East and countries should identify, analyze and control it immediately.Although I do believe we are facing the crisis of over population, one might ask what exactly can be defined as overpopulation. Through common sense, overpopulation occurs when the number of people living in a certain region, who depend on resources for survival, is significantly bigger than the amount of resources available to them. This as a result, can lead to people living poorer and unhealthier lives compared to others. Currently the world is increasing by 80 million people per year (Stefoff 16). â€Å"Population is determined by the interplay of two factors.One is the birth rate, or the number of people being born, and the other is death rate, or the number who die. The difference between the two is called the rate of natural increase† (Stefoff 25). So let's say the birth rate is 5 children per second, and the death rate is 2 deaths per second. The population in this case will increase by 3 per second. Overpopulation occurs when this number grows rapidly. I would like to introduce the Malthusian theories, which explains why overpopulation occurs (Stetoff 34).Basically the theory explains that since population increases geometrically (1-2-4-8-16) and while resources can only grow arithmetically (1-2-3-4-5), overpopulation will occur. As such, any country with a geometric increase in population will eventually face this problem and that country should take drastic measures to solve this problem of overpopulation. Egypt, as example, is facing the problem of overpopulation. According to recent statistics the population of Egypt right now is 81 million, while in 1951 the population was 20 million (Mountjoy 121).That means the population more than quadrupled over a period of just sixty 60 years. Clearly such drastic increases can't go unseen and since it clearly shows a exponential growth one can expect t he population of Egypt to increase by a larger factor in the upcoming year. Given that the country is 97% desert (Mountjoy 121), one can assume that expansion of agriculture is strictly limited. With this course of overpopulation, the country's agricultural expanding won't be able to catch up with such an increase of population.The reason behind this overpopulation is not only due to lack of government enforcement on child policies, but in my opinion, also due to the Egyptian mentality that having more children will result in God rewarding them. I have come to learn this through friends who claim that the average Egyptian will have an average of 6 children. As result of this, Egypt should take steps towards resolving this overpopulation crisis as soon as possible or prepare to face such consequences. Since we can acknowledge the existence of overpopulation now, we must therefore find solutions to this problem.At this rate, the population of earth will reach 9 billion by 2050 which i s a 15% increase from the current population. If we let this problem go untouched, we will reach a point where solving overpopulation will technically be impossible. As such, tackling this problem as soon as possible, will make these solutions easier to implement. Although one such way to avoid overpopulation is do what China did: implement a one-child policy, in which the family can't have more than one child (Engelman). Although this solution will work, this path must not be taken because it deprives a human of their rights and a solution like this isn't practical.One technique Robert Engelman suggested was â€Å"elevating woman’s status and increasing access to contraceptive services, so that essentially all births result from intended pregnancies†. Only 4 out of 5 pregnancies are intended (Engelman) and if a global movement was enforced to eliminate all unwanted pregnancies, any overpopulated country will see an immediate fall in population growth and within a few decade the population growth will subsequently decline. This increase of accessibility to contraceptive measures will definitely help Egypt battle their overpopulation problem.This comes back to the question: Are we facing the problem of overpopulation in the Middle East, and I assure you, yes we are. This research paper was dedicatedly made to give awareness of the rising problem of overpopulation, especially in the Middle East. Overpopulation occurs when a country's population is much more than their provided resources, causing resources to be depleted much faster and the inability of the country to sustain it's population. Through research, it was concluded that Egypt is one example of a Middle Eastern country facing overpopulation at a very high rate.Therefore, a country cannot look past this overpopulation problem and must prioritize their efforts towards finding solutions to tackle this problem. Although a bunch of solutions exist, some of them should not be approached as they contradict with human rights and human freedom. One suggested solution to this problem is to elevate woman’s status and increase their accessibility to contraceptive measures in order to avoid any unwanted pregnancies. I can conclude that the existence of overpopulation is imminent, but every problem has a solution, and countries should tackle this problem without second thought.

The cask of amontllado

The cask of amontllado "The Cask of Amontllado" by Edgar Allan Poe This is very well-thought out story of revenge involving two enemies, in which a man, Montresor elaborately plans the demise of his foe Fortunato. Montresor chooses the the timing to seek his revenge perfectly. It is the time of the carnival (Mardi Gras). The carnival in itself creates a great diversion. It's a particularly haphazard and crazy time. Fortunato is quite drunk, and much too trusting of Montresor. He even throws a mask and cloak over Montresor, making their departure from the carnival even less conspicuous.Montresor subtly plays Fortunato's ego in order to convince him to leave the carnival and sample some Amontllado that he had supposedly just purchased. Montresor keeps mentioning that he was on the way to have Luchresi sample the wine and get his opinion on its authenticity. He knows that Fortunato would never give up an opportunity to sample such a fine wine, nor would his ego allow an "inferior" connoisseur to judge the qua lity of the wine.English: This is a oil on canvas portrait of John ...

Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less

Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less Could Care Less versus Couldnt Care Less By Maeve Maddox My article about the loss of Thou received some comments on the use of could care less instead of couldnt care less. My choice to write Shakespeare could care less was a deliberate one. I felt that could care less was more euphonious than couldnt care less and sounded a bit cheekier. I thought that by now either form of the idiom was acceptable. How wrong can a writer be?! So wrong that a Google search of the phrase could care less garners 1,930,000 hits. Some of the discussions are quite impassioned. Although the newer form of the expression meaning not to care at all has been widely-used for some time, many people still regard it as an uneducated error. Paul Brians, English professor at Washington State University, points out in an interview with Avi Arditti the difficulty of dealing with idioms that are in the process of changing: the problem is that as [a new idiom] evolves, you get caught as a user between people who are going with the new pattern and those who know the old pattern and are comfortable with it. Cautions Brians, some people will disapprove or think less of you if you say it [the new] way. He concludes that speakers and writers may choose to use the newer pattern, but that they do so at a certain risk because people who are bothered by the new pattern may be in a position to hire them, or grade their papers, or reject them as social equals. The Oxford dictionary already recognizes could care less as an American colloquialism. Many people, however, regard it as incorrect since it makes no logical sense (if you could care less it means that you care at least a bit). What do you think about it? Have your say in our Poll! (RSS readers will need to visit the site to take the poll). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†15 Types of Documents40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

Examining a Business Failure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Examining a Business Failure - Research Paper Example The problem that could have been predicted was the lack of coordination among the different arms of the company and the expected results at a time when the company was under a lot of pressure to perform and match up to its main competitor, General Motors. With this in mind, then decision-making and leadership would have played a crucial role in ensuring that the company knew what was coming in terms of expectations of success or failure. In addition to decision-making and leadership, the company was also shifting from one tradition of centralization, where all the decisions were made in one place, and by one person, to a system that allowed each branch to make its own decisions. The decision-making and leadership theory would have allowed the leadership of the company to see that the former director micromanaged the whole company according to his wishes and expectations. As a result, decentralization of the company’s command led to loss of communication between central managem ent and the subsidiaries as their managers were expected to make their own decisions. The explanation for this is the breakdown in communication and lack of anticipation for future developments in terms of making changes in organizational behaviour without feasibility study, but based on the management structure of another competitor. The bureaucracy theory can also be applied in the failure of Chrysler LLC in relation to predicting its potential failure and explanation for its failure. This is evident in that micromanagement of the company stands for s a non-standard form of bureaucracy, where the manager decided everything to be done in Chrysler LLC. This is to mean that nothing could take place without his knowledge, and the director who followed the founder of Chrysler LLC made the decisions and issued them as directives, where there was no order to feasibility. The director became the final authority directing every step of the company to an extent of reverting to the centraliz ed management style that had been discarded for the decentralized style. Bureaucracy could have predicted the eminent failure by the director’s impulsive directives to match the needs of the market and carve a name for themselves to overthrow General Motors (Sheppard, 2001). The main cause of failure in Chrysler LLC can be attributed to the organizational structure and management, where the largest portion of the blame lies with management. This is because the management failed to consider most of the factors, especially the long term, which is in its mandate to ensure that the company’s long-term goals are taken care of to an extent that, predictions into the future of the company can be made. In addition, the management contributed the largest part in the back and forth struggles to change the organizational structure, where the organizational structure is sucked in as a contributor. Organizational structure caused the failure of Chrysler LLC by losing grip of the le adership structures such that leadership was concentrated on a few people